H.4463, H.4485, H.4533, H.4439, H.4618 and S.915 are hate crime laws that impose additional penalties on criminals who committed a violent or threatening act against an individual, because of the individual’s race, religion, sexual orientation, etc. First, hate crime laws violate freedom of speech by punishing an individual not for something he or she did, but for something felt or thought or said. Second, the federal government already has hate crime laws; state equivalents would be redundant.